Marketing in a New Venture

Today is a totally different day to the extent correspondence goes. We live in the period of NOW! Over are the days when one needs to hang tight for a letter from a companion, go to the supermarket before it closes or rush to the bank before it closes to pay a bill.â These advances accompany set backs, for example, tricks. I have had a few messages sent to me about winning a lottery that I have never played.â Such individuals ask on the down and out and ignorant.â They hide anyplace from messages to work postings.â I should state, I regard Craigslist for having alerts and permitting a presenting on be hailed in the event that it appears at all suspicious.â The craigslist group has invested a lot of energy to limit such endeavors. I have not seen this on numerous different destinations. Craigslist has a notoriety of being the ‘go to’ spot for work, gigs and events.â If they were not cautious about such things, they would most likely lose a ton of business. This powers organizations to make a solid effort to at any rate show up legitimate.â It additionally puts another bend on ‘let the purchaser beware.’â With such a significant number of tricks on the web, it is very hard to consider a spade a spade.â The alerts from Craigslist empower the buyer toâ settle on an educated choice and presumably be less inclined to manage organizations incomprehensible by most. It additionally engages the regular person by maybe inciting him to make that additional move to contactâ theâ Better Business Bureau or customer issues to confirm the authenticity of these companies.â As an enthusiastic client of craigslist, I am leary of questionable terms utilized in ads.â Such promotions I bashful away from.â I have run over advertisements that have been hailed and it encourages me to feel that different clients are paying special mind to each other.â Craigslist makes a feeling of comraderie and the security in the elder sibling is watching hypothesis. It has a cooperative vibe and if that isn't what they were going for, it is unquestionably not an awful symptom. I had never known about craigslist until a companion of mine referenced it to me. When I went on it, I was snared. I burned through less time on spam in camouflage on the grounds that the network was paying special mind to me.â I learned of it by listening in on others' conversations, which is maybe the manner in which some different administrations would benefit.â For instance, an assistance for home recharging would profit by expression of mouth.â It is absolutely the idea of the medium that recommends this.â Let us state that we are aware of a birth.â The new mother will most likely be unable to get around and may need her staple goods conveyed. I may inform her concerning it. Maybe a companion broke his leg on a ski trip and can't get around so well, I may talk about it then.â Maybe numerous understudies are reading for a last and are so excited in the examinations that we can't enjoy a reprieve. I may recommend it at that point.â It is the kind of element that requires a circumstance to consider using the service.â Another circumstance, for example, a graduation (occasion) loans itself effectively to viral marketing.â Requiring those that I have messaged to react RSVP will give the facilitating site data a showcasing rundown and some of them will participate in such an event.â A support of permit approaching understudies to make individual pages, composed by their establishments, may profit by overhearing people's conversations promoting with restricted viral advertising. Since it is sorted out by the establishment, it limits access to those that are not conscious of the institutional benefits. An assistance utilizing a gadget to gaze upward scanner tags can profit by bootstrapping.â The things that are being looked into will presumably connection to the organization or producer of such products.â They thusly will send comparable item messages to the individual turning upward the products.â This may bring about customary showcasing, for example, coupons and mailings with a moment direct promoting list.

Unethical Behavior in Accounting free essay sample

Bookkeeping could best be portrayed as a kind of system or language set up so as to give data respects to the budgetary situation of an association or business. This sort of data is basic to financial specialists as it furnishes them with significant and point by point data that could end up being the deciding component regarding their choices to put or not to put resources into a specific association. In this way, it isn't extraordinary to discover deceptive conduct in bookkeeping as unscrupulous practices come in various structures. Various circumstances that may prompt deceptive practices in bookkeeping include: †¢Misleading monetary examination so as to acquire individual increases †¢Misuse of assets †¢Exaggerating income †¢Purposely giving mistaken data with respect to costs †¢Exaggerating the estimation of corporate resources †¢Purposely giving incorrect data concerning liabilities †¢Securities misrepresentation †¢Bribery Manipulation of money related markets †¢Inside exchanging Two instances of exploitative works on bookkeeping are those of the 2002 Enron/Andersen and the WorldCom outrage. We will compose a custom paper test on Untrustworthy Behavior in Accounting or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Both of these organizations were associated with exploitative bookkeeping rehearses. While Enron was blamed for countless obscure dealings that remembered hiding obligations for request shield them from being pondered the company’s accounts, WorldCom’s bookkeeping rehearses were deceitful to the point that the organization was driven into the biggest chapter 11 ever. Deceptive bookkeeping practices and embarrassments of the bore of the Enron/Andersen and the WorldCom outrages is the thing that drove the U. S. government to get included and simultaneously added to the government’s making of the Sarbanes †Oxley Act of 2002. The Sarbanes †Oxley Act was made by the administration with the aim to finish unscrupulous conduct by actualizing exacting reviewing rules in bookkeeping. Be that as it may, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 tends to issues in the private division; it doesn't address worries in the open segment. The demonstration noticeably affects budget reports and it is to the advantage of speculators, as the Sarbanes †Oxley act ensures financial specialists by compelling firms to reveal precise data with respect to corporate revelation, explicitly that of fiscal reports.

Lincolns Birthday 2017

Lincolns Birthday 2017 Significance of Lincolns Birthday Home›Informative Posts›Significance of Lincolns Birthday Informative PostsThe states of Connecticut, Illinois, New York and Missouri observe Lincoln Day, which is Abraham Lincoln’s birthday, on February 12 every year. On this federal holiday, people celebrate the birthday of USA’s 16th president and honor this great man and his accomplishments. This day is very meaningful for the Americans, considering that Abraham Lincoln was the Great Emancipator who contributed a lot to the American democracy.History of Lincolns BirthdayAbraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, on February 12, 1809. When Lincoln was 23, in 1832, he began his political career. His first campaign for the Illinois General Assembly, which he ran as a Whig Party member, was unsuccessful. Afterwards, in 1854, he joined the Republican Party. Lincoln became the 16th president of the United States in 1860. Remaining the president throughout the Civil War in America, he became known for his support of the Emancipation Proclamation. Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in April 1865. It happened on Good Friday, when Lincoln attended Ford’s Theatre in Washington DC. One year after his death, in 1866, the first observance of his birthday by the nation took place. Julius Francis, a druggist from Buffalo, New York, aimed to honor President Lincoln and repeatedly asked Congress to make his birthday the national holiday. Even though now we celebrate this day, it is still not considered federal holiday throughout the United States. It is observed in some states, while in other states it is not a separate holiday but is celebrated in combination with honoring other great presidents of the USA. For example, it is combined with President Washington’s birthday and celebrated on the President’s Day on February 20. Meanwhile, Lincoln’s Birthday is a stand-alone federal holiday in Illinois, Missouri, and Connecticut.Traditions of Lincolns BirthdayOn Lincoln Day, people celebrate and honor President Lincoln. In some states, authorities arrange concerts, parties, and re-enactments for this day. Traditional events include reading of the Gettysburg Address in Washington DC at the Lincoln Memorial and wreath-laying ceremony. Large-scale events are also planned by such organizations as Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Kentucky Lincoln Heritage Trail and Indiana Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission. Fund-raising dinners to honor Lincoln are organized by the Republican Party members on February 12. Since Abraham Lincoln was a prominent president who did a lot for our country, he deserves to be remembered and honored. Therefore, celebrating his birthday is a very good idea.

Essay on A Critique of Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory

A Critique of Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory How do people get to know each other? Bugs Bunny likes to open up every conversation with the question, Whats up Doc? Why does he do this? Is Bugs Bunny uncertain? Lets explore this idea of uncertainty. Shifting focus now to college students. As many other college students at Ohio University, I am put into situations that make me uncertain of my surroundings almost every time I go to a class for the first time, a group meeting, or social event on the weekend. Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory tackles the concept of how people meet other people. In order to explain the relationship between uncertainty and the seven key variables that Berger identifies in this area of†¦show more content†¦Do we shake hands? Should I pay for the meal? Referring to the cognition that takes place, the focus is aimed at figuring out what makes the other person unique. In both areas, an individual tries to go from uncertainty to a more comfortable place. The Prediction One thing that Berger is very clear about in his theory is the matter-of-factness of his theorems. Berger makes no attempt to be humble with his postulations. All the theorems take the form of If..., then... statements. This no holds barred approach to prediction seems to be the weakness of Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory. It seems that probability and/or tendency dont come into play, instead Berger tends to deal with absolute certainty. If he were to talk in possibilities, then critics wouldnt question Berger. This idea of preciseness leads Uncertainty Reduction into problems on a few theorems, especially 17 which states, The more you like a person, the less youll seek out information about them (Griffin 160). Since the theorems are based on the seven axioms, then it must mean that there is a problem with those axioms. With respect to prediction Berger seems to expect to be correct, rather than actually being right. Relative Simplicity Berger believes that our main purpose in talking to people is to make sense out of our interpersonal world (Griffin 153). This statement seems to me to be the foundation through which everything Berger bases hisShow MoreRelatedThe Communication Theory Of Uncertainty Reduction Theory3089 Words   |  13 Pagespeople will come with dealing with uncertainty jitters. This research looks at the different critiques by communication scholars on the communication theory of Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Uncertainty Reduction Theory is a communication theory that came about through the research of Charles Berger from the post-positivist tradition. Charles Berger through Uncertainty Reduction Theory proposes that the beginnings of personal relationships are filled with uncertainties. Berger suggests that anticipationRead MoreSummary Communication Theory13076 Words   |  53 PagesIntroduction to Communication Theory: Course Summary Chapter 1: Launching your study What is a theory? What distinguishes a good theory from a bad theory? A theory is a set of systematic informed hunches about the way things work. A good theory goes beyond accepted wisdom and offers explanations and speculations about phenomena. Additionally, a good theory consists of a system of concepts which means that the theorist were able to make connections among his ideas. A theory tends to shape our perceptionRead MoreSummary Communication Theory13084 Words   |  53 PagesIntroduction to Communication Theory: Course Summary Chapter 1: Launching your study What is a theory? What distinguishes a good theory from a bad theory? A theory is a set of systematic informed hunches about the way things work. A good theory goes beyond accepted wisdom and offers explanations and speculations about phenomena. Additionally, a good theory consists of a system of concepts which means that the theorist were able to make connections among his ideas. A theory tends to shape our perceptionRead MoreRelational Dialectics Theory Essay2542 Words   |  11 PagesComparing relationships to unicycles seems strange or unlikely, however the constant strive for balance against opposing forces is a perfect description for relational dialectics theory (Griffin, 2009). Barbara Montgomery, an interpersonal communication scholar, describes riding a unicycle as a task of contradicting forces, constantly pulling against each other in a tug-of-war motion. The best way to control the wheel is by the constant changes in movement, adapting one way or the other, to maintain

Substance Use Disorder Case Study - 1124 Words

Substance Use Disorder – Case Study #2 Introduction The case study Intervention: Dallas is about a girl named Dallas who has been addicted to drugs, such as heroin, for five years and how her family seeks help to make an intervention on Dallas. In the case study it is explained what factors that have been a part of Dallas’ drug-use, especially how Lisa, the mother, influences Dallas and Dallas’ addiction. What I Learned Watching this case study made me realize how much a person’s addiction influences the people that are related to the addicted person. Another important part I learned was how bad role modeling can impact another person, which can have consequences for that person. Lisa had a bad influence on Dallas, accepting Dallas’ drug-use and helping Dallas do drugs. Dallas was also a bad role model for her younger sister, Leah, who saw Dallas as â€Å"the coolest person ever†. The most important part I learned about this case study was how hard it can be to intervene with another person’s life. Especially when it is someone who is loved and cared about, it is hard to realize what is needed to intervene in that person’s life. Lisa was the worst at intervening because Lisa had to realize that she was a big part of the issue, which also made me realize that a substance use can be due to other people’s influence. Relationship Between Course Content and the Case Study Using the multipath model to describe Dallas’ addiction shows numerous factors correlating to the issue.Show MoreRelatedMisorder And Substance Abuse Disorders1002 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse in people with co-occurring severe psychiatric disorders and substance abuse disorder contributes to worse prognosis. As well as more relapses and rehospitalizations, housing instability, impaired social functioning, homelessness. This includes legal problems as well. The advancement of combined treatment models that target both disorders at the same time by the same clinicians are ideal. Individuals with co-occurring mental illness, especially schizophrenia, and substance abuse problemsRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder and Substance Abuse Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will examine the results of four studies: One is a prospective follow-up study, one is a prospective naturalistic study, one is a case cont rol study and the last one is a randomized clinical trial. They are on borderline personality disorder and substance abuse articles by Walter et al. (2009), Zanarini et al. (2010), Gratz Tull, (2010), and by Linehan, Schmidt III, Dimeff, Craft, Kanter Comtois, (1999) respectively. The hypotheses, methods and results will be summarized. The futureRead MoreThe Growing Percentage Of Males And Females With Substance Use Disorder1656 Words   |  7 PagesSuffering with Substance Use Disorder Jerrelda Drummer Sanders SOWK 751 Dr. D. Freeman December 4, Fall Semester 2015 Southern University at New Orleans Males and Females Suffering with Substance Use Disorder 2. About 24 million Americans over age 12 (or 9% of the population) have used an illegal drug (mostly marijuana) or abused a medication in the past month, (APA 2013). A drug is (1) any substance that affects theRead MoreThe Effects Of Reinforcement On Treating Disorders And Substance Use1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe use of reinforcement has been shown in multiple studies in treating disorders such as anxiety and substance use. It is most commonly used during behavioral cognitive therapy to change people s way of thinking and actions. The outcomes of reinforcement in these treatments have shown an overall positive effect with the disorder being shown at a lesser degree or disappearing completely. Reinforcement is described as the process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behaviorRead MoreThe Role Of Antisocial And Borderline Personality Disorder928 Words   |  4 Pagesantisocial/borderline personality disorder co-morbidity, substance dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder by Howard ET all it examines the relationship with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and criminally reoffending g after being released. The study the article talks about aims to test the relationship between ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and its common co morbid disorders such as substance abuse borderline personality disorder and their chance to offend and reoffend. The study follows 53 men whoRead MoreSubstance Abuse During The 20th Century1422 Words   |  6 Pages Substance Abuse in Women Description of the Group Towards the end of the 20th century, most of the studies focusing on substance abuse focused on the needs of men. This means that the percentage of women affected by substance abuse remained unknown for several decades. In the recent past, studies have been done to analyze the psychological, health, and economic challenges affecting women who abuse different substances (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2015). This marginalized groupRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Bipolar Disorder1301 Words   |  6 Pages Separately, substance abuse and bipolar disorder are two very serious conditions, and both have been proven to be caused in part by heredity. Shockingly, co-occurrence of both disorders in a single person is a very common combination, and it can be very dangerous. People who have both bipolar disorder and an addiction are understood to have a â€Å"dual-diagnosis† or â€Å"genetic overlap†. Often, each condition can worsen the symptoms of the other; having both probl ems increases the risk of mood swingsRead MoreParanoid Personality Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: Co-Occurring1709 Words   |  7 PagesParanoid Personality Disorder and Substance Use Disorder: Co-occurring Personality disorders affect 10-15% of the adult US population. A personality disorder is a very rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior. According to SAMHSA over 8.9 million persons have co-occurring disorders; that is that they have both mental and substance use disorders. Only 7.4% receive treatment and 55.8% receive no treatment at all. The National Survey on Drug use and Health states that there were 45Read MoreBipolar Disorder, By Stephen Fry1327 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder This case study is about Stephen Fry, who suffers from bipolar disorder. Fry wanted to tell the world about bipolar disorder, how it affects the people who has to live with it and the people around them, and how it feels for him dealing with bipolar disorder. What I Learned Watching this case study taught me how people try to deal with having bipolar disorders and how it works or does not work. For me, it was shocking how much it takes for someone to be diagnosed with bipolarRead MoreThe Case Of Marci A 22 Year Old Female College Student1477 Words   |  6 PagesCase Study Marci Key Issues A. The case of Marci a 22-year-old female college student has several significant psychological, biological, social, and spiritual issues. The most significant issue being Alcohol Use Disorder of which Marci meets four criteria in the DSM-5. Although Marci drinks four or more alcoholic beverages three to four times a week, and binges on weekends she is in the pre-contemplation stage of change. The case study does not mention the length of her alcohol use, although her

Sentencing Free Essays

Thinking about the issue of punishment gives rise to a number of questions, the most fundamental of which is, why should offenders be punished? And what are the objectives for the punishment. Some of the objectives are deterrence, retribution, restitution, rehabilitation, and the reason for such punishment. Deterrence is most effective at stopping crime that is planned or premeditated. We will write a custom essay sample on Sentencing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sometimes the goal is to deter the individual from repeating the behavior; other times it is to deter others from engaging in a similar behavior. An â€Å"eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth† punishment applied with the belief that offenders should suffer similarly to their victims this is the retribution punishment. Restitution is applied with the belief that offenders should repay their victim’s loss in money or services. The offenders should pay back to the victim for crimes that he has made to change a person life. He has to see that he cannot get away with committing crimes. Rehabilitation is used more frequently with juveniles; it is applied with the hopes of helping the person resolve his disorder or disease that may contribute to crime. The punishment is their so that the person can choose more of a better life in which he decides to live, or he may choose a better path. The concept of punishment has been theorized by moral philosophers, social theorists, and criminologists, When a court imposes a punishment on an offender, it often tries to balance the sorts of reasons for punishment noted earlier, but sometimes certain purposes of punishment dominate other purposes The third perspective on punishment is offered by criminologists and policy makers, who focus on penalties for offenses and policy concerns relevant to the punishment of offenders. There are differences in the state and federal punishments laws of punishment such as with the federal laws the penalties and range from long or short prison sentences in federal prison to include fines. Federal laws are enforced by the United States Government Agencies and also passed by the United States Government Agencies. There are criminal laws involved, usually dealing with crimes against the government and laws that just provide fines. State laws are those that are passed and enforced by the state. They cannot contradict the Federal laws and apply only to the specific state. The state enforcement agencies also have a duty to insure that Federal laws are not being broken. Most criminal laws are state created and penalties include fines and short or long prison sentences. Probation is a sentence with certain conditions that must be followed. If any of the conditions, such as no drug use, are violated, your probation officer will notify the court or prosecutor. The size and cost of America’s prison system has skyrocketed during the last few decades, largely as a result of laws and policies that put more offenders behind bars and keep them there longer. Yet recidivism rates remain stubbornly high, and crime still is a major public concern. State policy makers across the nation are asking whether soaring prison budgets are the best path to public safety. The federal prison population has reached record levels, that a high proportion of prisoners are non-violent drug offenders, and that racial disparities in sentencing and the proportion of lower-level drug offenders are increasing. Sentencing disparities is sentencing offenders in which those committing the same crime receive different sentences. Sentencing disparities are usually based on race, gender, region, or socioeconomic status and there are some grapple with this problem that must be solve. Many of the studies concluded that race had a direct effect on the in-out decision (in other words, the decision concerning whether the offender should be punished in a penal institution or out in the community) and that this effect remained even after the inclusion of controls for prior record and crime seriousness. Benefits of sentence-reduction programs, such as good-time laws and early parole release, include promotion of discipline within prisons (because inmates are motivated to engage in good behavior in order to earn or avoid losing good time) and the reduction of prison overcrowding. It is said that most offenders are released from prison before serving their full sentences and that indeterminate sentences produce gross sentencing disparities because they allow judges too much discretion. How to cite Sentencing, Papers

How does Marquez’s use of labels reflect the cultural beliefs about women in society Essay Example For Students

How does Marquez’s use of labels reflect the cultural beliefs about women in society? Essay The Colombian society in Marquez’s ‘Chronicle of a Death Foretold’ is a predominant character throughout the story; it is the alpha in the novel as it calls all the shots for the people who live in the town. The most distinctive role of society is that of creating labels. Labels are created through memories and actions that the society thinks ‘defines’ an individual. The tags are used interchangeably with names, which is how an individual is remembered. The smallness of the town ensures that no memory of a person is ever forgotten but only tainted further. Labels are dissected according to the society’s cultural beliefs. Labels reflect the gender expectations imposed by society as demonstrated by Angela Vicario and Bayardo San Roman. Labels mirror the status and role of women in society like that of the cook, the prostitute and the nuns. They also make us question who the ‘victim’ is. Society is constructed out of a narrow-minded group of ‘traditional’ thinkers who take upon themselves the right to set the parameters of social behaviour, beliefs and norms. The labels that they create only aid in dividing the people further down into categories. Certain ‘cults’ for example the ‘cult of virginity, machismo and honour’ are predominant beliefs that help draw the line within which a certain group must act. The cults of machismo and virginity presuppose that women must abide by the conduct a man sees as fit, be as pure as a virgin offering herself for sacrifice on the night of her marriage to a man who thinks himself superior in all forms. The men are of ‘tough’ calibre, the ‘protectors’ and ‘saviours’ like the Vicario brothers who ‘restored’ their sisters â€Å"honour†. It is the irony of the fate of women that they are labelled as commodities: virgins and whores; low clas s and high class; fresh and stale. The most prominent divide in society is that of the genders. Angela Vicario is one such â€Å"beautiful† entity that was ‘returned’ by Bayardo because she breaks out of the social norms by losing her virginity and her ‘honour’ (prevailing conflict and theme throughout the novel) to a man out of wedlock. ‘Returned’ suggests that she is flawed hence cannot be married to a macho man or accepted by society. The word ‘beautiful’ reflects society’s shallowness while judging women. No wonder the women are commoditized into epithets such as beautiful, virgins and pure, not unlike the virgin oil, the virgin forests and the virgin wool in the Latin American society. Bayardo San Roman, â€Å"the man who returned his bride†, was justified in his shameful behavior toward Angela as being a man he deserves a fresh and a virgin woman. Through the text translated by Rabassa there are undercurrents of the ironical tone adopted by Marquez when he insinuates that it is quintessential duty of a woman to keep her â€Å"treasure box† intact for her husband to enjoy himself of it! It is very ironical that a woman is judged by the label she wears, and she must make sacrifice her sexuality, her desires and her right to lead her life on an equal footing with man. One of the main concerns of Marquez behind writing this historical novel in a fictionalized version is to make the reader aware of the double standards prevailing in the Columbian culture. As seen on most Latin American societies, the role of the Columbian women is centered on marriage and the ‘perfect’ bride; â€Å"the girls had been reared to get married†1. Reared links to domestication of animals, and ‘returned’ shows the categorization of women into â€Å"goods† for the convenience of the male dominated society. Matrimony has nothing to do with matchmaking of the heart but instead with ‘fortunes’, shown by Bayardo and Santiago Nasar. Angela hails from a family of â€Å"scant resources†7 whereas Bayardo â€Å"swims in gold†. Thus Angela has no choice but to marry him since status and survival in the town is more important than love as in the eyes of her mother, Purisima del Carmen â€Å"Love can be learnt.†9 The fortune and the social status of a man is what counts in this society. Under these circumstances, no doubt, Angela bears the tag â€Å"married forever†1. The word â€Å"forever † has a sense of foreboding; it gives a sense that the woman is trapped in the shackles of the society until her end. The honor code and the cult of virginity engulf the woman in such a vicious circle that even after Angela is deserted by Bayardo, she will have no suitor for her as she bears another label: deserted and forsaken. M Marquez draws the attention of the reader to the prevailing misconception in the society that the character of a woman is the true reflection of her inner self. The status of a woman is no different from â€Å"a butterfly with no will†10. The simile reflects her beauty as well as her fragility and defenselessness in society. .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 , .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .postImageUrl , .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 , .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42:hover , .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42:visited , .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42:active { border:0!important; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42:active , .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42 .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub574edfdebd8bd9caea891ae4a329b42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leadership Dead poets society EssayMarquez gives us an insight into this evil society through his art of characterization also. Each character bears a label in the society, and no wonder the label a woman bears is a reflection of her social standing. Placida Linero, for example, has a â€Å"well earned reputation as a dream interpreter†12, a fact suggesting that she was accepted and respected in society. Marquez repeatedly calls Victoria Guzman â€Å"the cook†6, and the woman who comes to ask for milk as â€Å"the milk beggar†11. Such labeling of characters shows Marquez’s journalistic style seeping in, wherein he simply states the fact. The â⠂¬Å"milk beggar† is just any milk beggar in society and is known as nothing more. This way the reader understands the role and position of the character without having to decipher it from in between tedious descriptions. The language and diction reflects society’s view of the characters. The narrator who gleans his information through his various interviews with the townfolks labels Divina Flor as the â€Å"servant girl†. Santiago himself labeled as the â€Å"hawk† and sexual objectification of women. Against the status of her birthright, her physically appealing qualities are of greater concern to him. Maria Alejandrina Cervantes, the ‘prostitute’ is another example of a woman who gets her social standing from her sex appeal. It is ironic that despite being a prostitute in a Catholic dominant town she is more respected than any other woman ‘of class’ in society not only because her name echoes that of Mother Mary’s but also because she has an â€Å"apostolic lap.† Is she more sacred than those who follow the cult of virginity? Maybe yes! Her prerogative that she can act outside these boundaries is what makes her so special. Marquez highlights that since the men make up the society, they create the barriers and th e labels in the society, in order to satiate their vast sexual appetite and enjoy their patriarchal roles. Marquez dwells on the socio-cultural beliefs of the townfolks by elucidating the fate of the â€Å"sufferer† in the town. The people not only delight in their laxity but also in the sufferings of the victim. Whether it be Angela or Santiago, the townfolks resign them to their fates never once trying to judge their guilt or innocence. According to them a victim must suffer at the hands of the plaintiff. No one bothers to question whether Santiago was the one who took Angela’s virginity. All they know is that the woman must suffer as she rebelled against the virginity norms and the man because he violated her honor. However, Bayardo is exempted from this punishment as he is not found guilty of breaking any cult. He is neither an offender nor a violator, and no doubt the people sympathize with him. The only person who considers Santiago a victim is his best friend, the narrator. â€Å"For him, the victim’s very behavior during his last hours was overwhelming proof of his innocence†. But for others Santiago holds the label of the â€Å"perpetrator†, a notion that tarnishes his image forever. Marquez follows a laconic style wherein with the use of adjectives of age and social class along with labels he ties the image of the character altogether. Women are further categorized according to age. Elderly women have differentiated adjectives as compared to the girls in their youth. Santiago’s mother, Placida Linero is described as â€Å"solitary†2, suggesting that even though she’s married she’s alone. Purisima del Carmen, Angela’s mother is described as ‘sacrificial’8 which can be linked to being married forever. Angela on the other hand is described as â€Å"the beautiful girl†3 while Divina Flor is described to be â€Å"coming into bloom†4 and â€Å"untamed†4. It is noteworthy that Angela being of a higher socio-class than Divina is described as graceful and attractive whereas the ‘servant girl’ is depicted as a sex object. The diction associated with each label and age reflects socio- cultura l beliefs about women- younger women are coveted and sexually appealing but older and married women are portrayed as undesirable. .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 , .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .postImageUrl , .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 , .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8:hover , .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8:visited , .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8:active { border:0!important; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8:active , .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8 .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc712479a2c87d83e6700431a32c9a5a8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adventures Of Huck Finn And Superstitions EssayMarquez through the use of labels reflects society’s prejudiced cultural beliefs about women. They are objects that must bear labels such as old or young, desirable or undesirable and pure or corrupted. A woman leads her life trapped in a vicious circle imposed on her by men, and if she dares to give a voice to her identity and sexuality, she is indubitably going to be called â€Å"damaged goods.†

AC Pigou essays

AC Pigou essays The Background of Arthur Cecil Pigou Arthur Cecil Pigou, commonly known as A.C. Pigou, is best known today for his work in welfare economics. He was a professor of political economy at Cambridge University from 1908 to 1943. During his life he wrote and had published over twenty books and essays on not only economics, but other subjects as well. Pigou was sometimes a backward person, but he never lacked in his brilliance of economics. Pigou was born in the family home of his mother in 1877 at Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, on the eighteenth of November. He was the eldest son of Clarence and Nora Pigou. His father came from the Huguenot line and his mothers family came from a line that had won fame and fortune in Irish administration. The pride and background of Pigous family had helped to push him along his later path in life. Like his father, Pigou attended Harrow. His abilities in academics however had gotten him an entrance scholarship to the school. Athletics was also one of Pigous strongpoints. His talents in sports allowed him to be approved of by many at a time in history where athletics was looked at as being more important than academics. He ended his stay at Harrow as head of the school. At this point Pigou decided to go on to Cambridge as a history scholar of Kings College. His first two years there he studied history under Oscar Browning. While attending Cambridge Pigou also made a name for himself as being a superb orator. He was a member of the Union Debating Society and spoke often at their meetings. Economics didnt even show up in Pigous schedule until his third year at Cambridge, and this was only because it was a required course. He really never gained any expertise in the subject until he began teaching it in 1901. Pigou was a big follower of Alfred Marshall whom he succeeded as Professor of Political Economics at Cambridge. He remained a professor his wh...

Much Ado About Nothing Character Profiles

'Much Ado About Nothing' Character Profiles Much Ado About Nothing characters are some of Shakespeares best-loved comedy creations. Whether it is Beatrice and Benedicks bickering or Dogberrys slapstick antics, the  Much Ado About Nothing characters are what makes this play so quotable and memorable. Lets delve in and profile the individual characters. The Lovers Benedick: Young, funny and locked into a love-hate relationship with Beatrice. He has been away fighting under Don Pedro, and upon his return to Messina, he vows never to marry. This slowly changes throughout the play - by the time he agrees to kill Claudio at the request of Beatrice, we know that he is committed to her. His sharpest weapon is his wit, but he meets his match with Beatrice. Beatrice: In many ways, she is very similar to her lover, Benedick; she is locked into the same love-hate relationship, is quick-witted and never wants to marry. The events of the play soon reveal the vulnerable side beneath her â€Å"hardened† exterior. Once she is tricked into thinking that Benedick is in love with her, she soon reveals her sweet, sensitive side. However, it is hinted throughout the play that Beatrice was once in love with Benedick, but their relationship went sour: â€Å"I know you of old,† she scorns. Claudio: One of Don Pedro’s men and a young lord of Florence. Although commended for his bravery in battle, Claudio is presented as young and naive. He is a difficult character to sympathize with because he is led purely by his courtly sense of honor. Throughout the play, he swings from love to despair to revenge too easily. In the first scene, he falls hopelessly in love with Hero (without even speaking to her!) and quickly takes revenge when he thinks he has been wronged by her. It is this character trait that enables the play’s central plot. Hero: As the beautiful daughter of Leonato, she soon attracts the attention of Claudio, who instantly falls in love with her. She is the innocent victim in the play when she is slandered by Don John as part of his plan to crush Claudio. Her sweet, gentle nature highlights her piety and contrasts nicely with Beatrice. The Brothers Don Pedro: As the Prince of Aragon, Don Pedro is the most powerful character in the play, and he is happy to use his power to manipulate events - but only for the good of his soldiers and friends. Don Pedro takes it upon himself to get Benedick and Beatrice together and set up the marriage between Claudio and Hero. Although he is a force for good in the play, he is too quick to believe his villainous brother about Hero’s infidelity and is too quick to help Claudio to seek revenge. Interestingly, Don Pedro makes half-advances on both Hero and Beatrice in the play - perhaps this explains his sadness in the final scene when he is the only nobleman without a wife. Don John: Referred to as â€Å"the bastard,† Don John is the illegitimate half-brother of Don Pedro. He is the villain of the play and needs little motivation to ruin the marriage of Claudio and Hero - in his own words, â€Å"I cannot be said to be a flattering honest man, it must not be denied but I am a plain-dealing villain.† Before the play begins, Don John had been leading a rebellion against his brother - which is the battle Don Pedro and his men return triumphant from in the opening scene of the play. Although he claims to be â€Å"reconciled† to his brother, he secretly wants revenge for his defeat. Leonato: He is the governor of Messina, father to Hero, uncle to Beatrice and host to Don Pedro and his men. His long friendship with Don Pedro doesn’t stop him from lambasting him when he sides with Claudio over his claims on Hero’s infidelity - he is probably the only character in the play with enough authority to give Don Pedro a piece of his mind. The honor of his family is very important to him, and he suffers greatly when Don John’s plan destroys this. Antonio: Leonato’s brother and father figure to Beatrice. Although elderly, he is loyal to his brother no matter what the cost. Minor Characters Margaret and Ursula: Attendants on Hero.Balthasar: An attendant on Don Pedro.Borachio and Conrad: Don John’s henchmen.Friar Francis: Devises the plan to redeem Hero’s reputation.Dogberry: a bumbling constable.Verges: Dogberry’s second in command.The Watch: They overhear Borachio and Conrad and discover Don John’s plot.The Sexton: Leads the trial against Borachio and Conrad.

Film review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Film - Movie Review Example The film also captivates through its application of irony as Raphael’s status changes from an arrogant successful salesperson to an oppressed loser (Iglesia). The film’s major characters are Raphael and Lourdes. These characters play a major role in the development of the story line besides aiding application of literacy styles, such as irony, in the film. Minor characters on the other hand include Antonio, who beat Raphael in a promotion opportunity, other sales women, the employing organization, and the passive criminal investigation system. These characters facilitate demonstration of Raphael and Lourdes’ character traits. The sales women for example elevate Raphael’s social power but undermine Lourdes (Iglesia). One of the added techniques to the film is flashback, applied towards the film’s end. The technique further illustrates the relationship between Raphael and Lourdes and therefore enriches the storyline

Opinion for a case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Opinion for a case - Essay Example The City of Ontario received 22 pagers from Arch Wireless in late 2001 and 2002. The method by which the text message are sent are as follows: the text message leaves the originating pager through a radio frequency transmission, which is then received by any one of many receiving stations, owned by Arch Wireless. The message is then entered into the Arch Wireless computer network by wire transmission or satellite. Once the message is in the Arch Wireless computer network, it is then relayed to the Arch Wireless computer server, where it is archived and stored for up to 72 hours, until the receiving pager can receive the text message. Once the message is archived and delivered in an Arch Wireless service area, the recipient pager is ready to receive delivery, at which point the Arch Wireless server retrieves the message and sends it to a transmitting station close to the recipient pager. Arch Wireless owns the transmitting stations. The City of Ontario, while having no official policy regarding text-messaging by use of its pagers, did not have a general policy regarding computer usage, internet and e-mail, and this policy is that â€Å"[t]he use of City-owned computers and all associated equipment, software, programs, networks, Internet, e-mail and other systems operating on these computers is limited to City of Ontario related business. The use of these tools for personal benefit is a significant violation of the City of Ontario Policy.† In addition, the City of Ontario reserved the right to review all Internet sites that the employees visited and log all e-mail and Internet use, with and without notice. Access to the Internet and e-mail was not confidential, and all information produced is considered City property. Appellant signed an â€Å"Employee Acknowledgement† in 2000 in which he acknowledged that he had read the company policy regarding computer usage, Internet and E-mail. On April 18, 2002, Appellant attended a meeting with

Reporter System Using LuxABCDE

Reporter System Using LuxABCDE La Rosa, S.L., Diep, D.B., Nes, I.F., et al. (2012) Construction and application of a luxABCDE reporter system for real-time monitoring of Enterococcus faecalis gene expression and growth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78 (19): 7003-7011 Reporter genes are the genes encoding a protein which can be tracked and quantified by microscopy and various biochemical assays. They provide a non-invasive and sensitive method to monitor levels of gene expression, protein localization and to determine the transcriptional and translational regulators of a gene of interest. In this study, Rosa and co-workers have developed a bioluminescence based reporter system using luxABCDE to monitor the growth and gene expression of Enterococcus faecalis. E. faecalis is a nosocomial pathogen reported to be the cause of diseases such as endocarditis, urinary tract infection, bacteremia etc. (Schlievert et. al., 1998) and particularly infects individuals with compromised immune system or suffering from an underlying illness (Mundy et. al., 2000). Several studies have been undertaken to determine the factors involved in the virulence of the nosocomial strains of E. faecalis (Jett et. al., 1992; Chow et. al., 1993; Shankar et. al, 2001). These stud ies involve creating mutants for a possible virulence trait and then comparing them in animal models. There are several advantages of using reporter gene in lieu of traditional methods which usually involve harvesting the infected organ and sample preparation to estimate the level of infection by E. faecalis (Hanin et. al., 2010; Ike et. al., 1984). This traditional method, apart from being time consuming, also requires sacrifice of a large number of animals used in biological experiments. Using reporter genes, although not able to completely replace animal experimentation, will certainly reduce the number of animals required. Another advantage of using reporter genes is that it will enable real time monitoring of spread of infection by imaging the light emitted from the activation of the lux operon which was not possible with the other studies that have been undertaken. Use of lux operon also provides several advantages over other reporter gene based systems used in studies pertain ing to E. faecalis which employ green fluorescent protein (gfp) or firefly- luciferase enzyme (luc). Both gfp and luc require excitation by an external light source and luc also requires the addition of an extraneous substrate- both of these are not required in case of luxABCDE thus providing another advantage to the use of this reporter system. Rosa and co-workers constructed the bioluminescent reporter system by cloning the luxABCDE operon present in pPL2lux into pREG696 as shown in Figure 1. The native luxCDABE operon from Photohabdus luminescens shows poor expression in gram-positive bacteria (Qazi et. al., 2001). Therefore, the genes were rearranged into luxABCDE and translational signals were inserted in front of luxA, luxC, luxE to increase the expression of the lux operon. pPL2lux was originally designed for Listeria monocytogenes and thus carries a listeriophage integrase gene. This plasmid does not work in E. faecalis because of the absence of the required listeriophage sequence. Therefore, a highly expressed Listeria promoter Phelp (for highly expressed Listeria promoter) was cloned into pPL2lux just upstream of the luxA gene and this construct was named pPL2luxPhelp . Similarly, other promoters P32 and P16S were cloned upstream of luxA gene to form pPL2luxP32 and pPL2luxP16S respectively. P32 is another strong pr omoter and P16S is a synthetic E. faecalis 16sRNA promoter with a ribosome binding site (RBS) and an ATG codon fused at its end. These modified pPL2lux plasmids were digested with Xho1 and Not1 and the excised fragment (luxABCDE and the promoter) was cloned into the corresponding sites in pREG696 to form pSL101P32/16S/help. pREG696 has a spectinomycin resistance gene and a segregational stability cassette (axe- antitoxin and txe- toxin) from the multi-drug resistant plasmid pRUM of E. faecium (Grady and Hayes, 2003). This segregational stability cassette enables stable inheritance of the plasmid by killing of plasmid-free cells. All the DNA fragments inserted were sequenced before transferring them into E. faecalis MMH594 by electroporation. Figure 1 Schematic of the construction of pSL101 and its derivatives. (Figure reproduced from La Rosa et. al., 2012) The stability of pSL101P32, pSL101P16S, pSL101Phelp was tested by a doing a plasmid stability test. The plasmids were transformed into E. faecalis and overnight cultures were diluted 1,000-fold and grown in nonselective GM17 media. After every 24 hours a fresh culture was inoculated and this was continued for 7 days. At every inoculation, the culture was diluted and plated onto selective and nonselective plates and incubated at 37 °C overnight. Bioluminescence of the resulting colonies was measured and the number of colonies on both selective and nonselective plate was counted to score for resistance to spectinomycin. The stability of these  plasmids was compared to pIL252luxABCDEPhelp which was created by cloning the Phelp luxABCDE cassette into pIL252. This plasmid lacks the axe-txe stability system and is therefore lost after overnight culture with antibiotic selection (Figure 2a). On the other hand, there is no loss of pSL101P32 even after 7 days of culturing in non-selective media and only 30% loss in case of pSL101P16S and pSL101Phelp. This result shows that the segregational stability system is required for stable maintenance of the reporter plasmids in E. faecalis grown in nonselective media. The methodology adopted by the authors to do this experiment has two drawbacks- firstly, plating the culture onto nonselective and selective plates simultaneously may give erroneous results when there are more colonies on the selective plate than on the nonselective plate. To avoid this, the colonies on the nonselective plate obtained after incubation for 16 hours should be patched onto selective plates and then scored for antibiotic resistance phenotype. Secondly, nowhere in the manuscript do the authors mention doing the experiments in repeats. Performing an experiment in duplicates or triplicates is advantageous as it makes the data obtained more reliable. Figure 2 (a) Plasmid stability of pSL101 derivatives in E. faecalis MMH594 (b) Correlation between bioluminescence and number of CFU/ml in E. faecalis MMH594. à ¢- , pIL252luxPhelp; â™ ¦, pSL101P32; à ¢-  , pSL101P16S; à ¢- ², pSL101Phelp. (Figure reproduced from La Rosa et. al., 2012) After confirming the stability of the plasmids in E. faecalis MMH594, overnight cultures were diluted and grown in GM17 medium and bioluminescence was measured to assess the correlation between light emission and cellular growth. To determine the relationship between CFU number and bioluminescent signal cultures in mid-exponential phase were diluted and viable cell count and bioluminescence was measured. Figure 2b shows that a linear relationship exists between number of CFU and the bioluminescent signal and thus pSL101 reporter system can be used to measure the real-time growth of bacteria. Also, to determine the relation between absorbance and bioluminescence growth of cultures with pSL101 derivatives was measured using a microplate reader by recording the absorbance at 620 nm for 7 hours after 15 min intervals. Bioluminescence of the culture was measured by quantifying the bioluminescent signal captured by an imaging system. The experiment was done in three independent repeats. It was found that during the exponential phase bioluminescence increased because of high metabolic activity of the cells and thus high availability of substrate- flavin mononucleotide (Bachmann et. al., 2007) required for luciferase enzyme (Figure 3). As the cells enter the stationary phase, a decline in the bioluminescence signal was observed corresponding to the decrease in the concentration of the substrate. Similar effect was observed for pSL101P32, pSL101P16S, pSL101Phelp. In case of the negative control, no bioluminescence was observed which confirms no background. Growth of different strains of E. faecalis was also monitored using the pSL101P16S system to determine its broad applicability. Four strains of E. faecalis differing in their origin (clinical isolate, probiotic strain, laboratory strain and commensal strain) were transformed with pSL101P16S and absorbance and bioluminescence was measured as above. As in the case of E. faecalis MMH594 a good correlation (R2 > 0.94) was observed between absorbance and bioluminescence thus proving that pSL101 system is not limited to a single strain of E. faecalis but can be used for other strains too. Figure 3 Bioluminescence during growth of E. faecalis MMH594 transformed with pSL101 derivatives. Closed symbols represent the bioluminescent signal and open symbols represent optical density at 620 nm. (a) pSL101P32. (b) pSL101P16S. (c) pSL101Phelp. (Figure reproduced from La Rosa et. al., 2012) E. faecalis is normally found in urine and blood samples of people suffering from diseases caused by this microorganism. It is also commonly found in Therefore, pSL101P16S was used to monitor the growth of E. faecalis in these environments. To measure the growth in milk, Nestle NAN Infant Milk Formula was pre-heated to 37 °C and inoculated with PBS (phosphate-buffer saline) washed probiotic strain Symbioflor 1 and commensal strain E. faecalis 32. Both the strains were lux-tagged with pSL101P16S. Bioluminescence was measured as described above and number of CFU was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 22 hours after inoculation by plating the cultures on GM17 media with spectinomycin. The experiment was done in duplicates. There was no background luminescence detected by milk and for both the strains, a linear correlation (R2= 0.95) between bioluminescence and viable cell count was observed (Figure 4). Similarly, growth of lux-tagged E. faecalis MMH594 and T2 was measured in urine by preheati ng the media at 37 °C and inoculation with PBS washed cells. Although a low level of luminescence was observed in urine, there was a significant increase in the luminescence corresponding to the growth of bacterial strains (Figure 5) as in the case of milk. This experiment shows that the pSL101 system can be used in other growth environments as long as the background luminescence due to media is low. Figure 4 (a) Bioluminescence of E. faecalis strains grown in Nestle NAN Infant Milk Formula. The colour scale shows the intensity of bioluminescnce signal. (b) Bioluminescence and CFU/ml of Symbioflor 1(black triangles) and E. faecalis 62 (gray diamonds) tagged with pSL101P16S and grown in milk. Open symbols represent CFU/ml and closed symbols represent bioluminescence (Figure reproduced from La Rosa et. al., 2012) Figure 5 (a) Bioluminescence of E. faecalis strains grown in urine. The colour scale shows the intensity of bioluminescnce signal. (b) Bioluminescence and CFU/ml of E. faecalis MMH594 (black circles) and E. faecalis T2 (gray diamonds) tagged with pSL101P16S and grown in urine. Open symbols represent CFU/ml and closed symbols represent bioluminescence. (Figure reproduced from La  Rosa et. al., 2012) In the next experiment growth of lux-tagged E faecalis was monitored in Galleria  mellonella. G. mellonella larvae can be maintained at 37 °C thus permitting the study of host- pathogen interaction at the human physiological temperature. Also, they have a fairly advanced immune system comprising of phagocytic cells in the blood type fluid called hemolymph. To determine whether the luxABCDE cassette influences the virulence of E. faecalis MMH594, killing of G. mellonella larvae was monitored when infected by wild-type E. faecalis MMH594 and the strain tagged by pSL101P16S. This was done by injecting 10  µl of E. faecalis suspension (in 0.9% saline) into the body cavity of 10 larvae through the hindmost leg. As a control 10  µl of 0.9% saline was injected into another 10 larvae. These infected larvae were grown at 37 °C on 90 mm petri dishes and were examined every 2 hours. It was observed that the infection due to E. faecalis is accompanied by the melanisation of larvae whic h indicates towards the activation of prophenoloxidase (PO) responsible for biosynthesis of melanin and plays a role in the defence reactions against invading organisms (Sugumaran, 2001). From Figure 6a it can be confirmed that the virulence of lux-tagged strain of E. faecalis is similar to the wild type strain. Therefore, the lux-tagged strain was used to visualize the progress of infection in G. mellonella. Figure 6b shows the bioluminescent images of infected larvae captured till 48 hours after infection. The bioluminescent signal was detected immediately after infection and declined after 2 hours. After 4 hours post infection, a peak in the signal was observed and was constant till 24 hours after which all larvae were dead (Figure 6c). To confirm whether the bioluminescent signal corresponds to the growth of E. faecalis the infected larvae were sterilized by 70% ethanol and dissected and transferred into 0.9% saline solution. These samples were vortexed and homogenous mixture of insect and bacteria was serially diluted and plated on GM17 plated with spectinomycin. At each time period, 3 insects were dissected and number of CFU was counted. A drop in the number of CFU was observed 2 hours after infection but this was followed by increase in growth till 48 hours (Figure 6d). This result is in good agreement with the bioluminescent signal measured in the infected larvae and shows that the bioluminescent reporter can be used to monitor the progress of infection by E. faecalis in G. mellonella. Figure 6 (a) Percentage survival of G. mellonella larvae when infected with wild type E. faecalis MMH594 (à ¢- ¡),  ­pSL101P16S tagged E. faecalis (X) and 0.9% saline (ââ€"Å ). (b) Bioluminescent images of G. mellonella larvae infected with  ­pSL101P16S tagged E. faecalis. The colour scale shows the intensity of bioluminescent signal. (c) Bioluminescent signal measured corresponding to the growth of  ­pSL101P16S tagged E. faecalis over 48 hours post infection. (d) Number of CFU  ­of E. faecalis from the homogenous mixture of larvae and bacteria. (Figure reproduced from La Rosa et. al., 2012) The use of luxABCDE as a reporter for monitoring growth of E. faecalis in animal models has several advantages (as stated earlier). On the other hand, there are certain limitations of this system. Bioluminescence of luxABCDE relies on fatty acid synthesis and thus on the metabolic activity of the cells. Lower the metabolic activity lower will be the bioluminescent signal. Due to this, the pSL101 reporter system designed in this study may not be able to measure the growth of bacterial cells with low metabolic rate. This is especially disadvantageous in case of biofilm formation by E. faecalis in which the cells may have low metabolic activity. Also, the report does not describe the effect of pSL101 derivatives (with P32, P16S and Phelp) on the growth of E. faecalis. Although, it is mentioned that the growth of E. faecalis MMH594 strain with pSL101 is similar to the strain with pSL101P32, pSL101P16S, pSL101Phelp (data not shown) it is necessary to investigate whether the pSL101 and its derivatives present any metabolic load on the E. faecalis strain. The study shows that the pSL101 derivatives are stably maintained in E. faecalis but the plasmid stability test was done only for duration of 7 days and it is possible that the plasmids may be rapidly lost after this time period. This will prevent the use of the pSL101 reporter system to monitor growth of E. faecalis in other animal models, such as mouse, where long-time monitoring is required. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the stability of these plasmids in E. faecalis over a long time. Additionally, it may be difficult to observe any bioluminescent signal from deep tissues of animal models if the signal is weak, as in the case of low number of E. faecalis cells. In conclusion, a simple and robust reporter system using luxABCDE has been developed to monitor the growth of E. faecalis in animal models. Despite the limitations, this method is non-invasive and will significantly reduce the burden on experimental animals. It can be used to investigate the various genes involved in the virulence of E. faecalis facilitating better understanding of pathogenicity of E. faecalis. References:- Bachmann, H., Santos, F., Kleerebezem, M., et al. (2007) Luciferase detection during stationary phase in Lactococcus lactis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73 (14): 4704-4706. Chow, J.W., Thal, L.A., Perri, M.B., et al. (1993) Plasmid-associated hemolysin and aggregation substance production contribute to virulence in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 37 (11): 2474-2477. Grady, R. and Hayes, F. (2003) Axe-Txe, a broad-spectrum proteic toxin-antitoxin system specified by a multidrug-resistant, clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecium. Molecular microbiology, 47 (5): 1419-1432. Hanin, A., Sava, I., Bao, Y., et al. (2010) Screening of in vivo activated genes in Enterococcus faecalis during insect and mouse infections and growth in urine. PloS one, 5 (7): e11879. Ike, Y., Hashimoto, H. and Clewell, D.B. (1984) Hemolysin of Streptococcus faecalis subspecies zymogenes contributes to virulence in mice. Infection and immunity, 45 (2): 528-530. Jett, B.D., Jensen, H.G., Nordquist, R.E., et al. (1992) Contribution of the pAD1-encoded cytolysin to the severity of experimental Enterococcus faecalis endophthalmitis. Infection and immunity, 60 (6): 2445-2452. La Rosa, S.L., Diep, D.B., Nes, I.F., et al. (2012) Construction and application of a luxABCDE reporter system for real-time monitoring of Enterococcus faecalis gene expression and growth. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78 (19): 7003-7011. Mundy, L.M., Sahm, D.F. and Gilmore, M. (2000) Relationships between enterococcal virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Clinical microbiology reviews, 13 (4): 513-522. Qazi, S.N., Counil, E., Morrissey, J., et al. (2001) agr expression precedes escape of internalized Staphylococcus aureus from the host endosome. Infection and immunity, 69 (11): 7074-7082. Schlievert, P.M., Gahr, P.J., Assimacopoulos, A.P., et al. (1998) Aggregation and binding substances enhance pathogenicity in rabbit models of Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis. Infection and immunity, 66 (1): 218-223. Shankar, N., Lockatell, C.V., Baghdayan, A.S., et al. (2001) Role of Enterococcus faecalis surface protein Esp in the pathogenesis of ascending urinary tract infection. Infection and immunity, 69 (7): 4366-4372. Sugumaran, M. (2001) Control mechanisms of the prophenoloxidase cascade. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 484 289-298. Nikhil Aggarwal

Communication Is A Two Way Flow Essay

Communication is a two way flow of conversation where something is achieved e.g information effective communication is important in health and social care because through communication which is listening and talking you can make a better relationship with client. effective communication can make you understand your client emotions and feelings for example if a nurse is having a conversion with a patient and the nurse seem friendly , have positive body languages and interacting well, the patient is likely to open up to the nurse and discuss any worry that he/she is facing, which lead to better relationship. when communicating you need to show that you’re interested in what the person is saying, the more you look interested the more the person is going to trust and open up you. In health and social care you communicate with patient, colleague and other professionals for example if you were a doctor and you want to refer a patient to a surgeon, you would have to talk to the surge on to sort the patient operation. Conjunction with colleague us important because if you have a good relationship colleagues it would make the work a better place and make patients feel comfortable because they can sense if staffs are getting along. There are different types of communication informal and formal. informal: this is used between family and friends. Different social groups use different informal language to communicate so it might be hard for other people to understand. formal: this is used in health and social care for example if you went to a service they would say ‘good morning, how IIvan I help’ thus us to show that they respect you. multi agency working. Working with other professional for example GP ,hospital service require formal communication. non verbal communication is communicating without speaking, like facial expressions, sign language, gestures, eye contact, posture and tone of voice, this kind of communication can sometimes speak louder than words. Written communication, This is central to the work of any person providing a service in a health and social care environment when keeping records and in writing reports. Different types of communication need different styles of writing but all require literacy skills. A more formal style of writing is needed when recording information about a patient. It would be unacceptable to use text message abbreviations, such as ‘l8er’. Effective communication, including active listening, can be hard work. People  who work in health or social care environments tend to enjoy learning about other people and their lives. Things can go wrong, however, if: †¢ the context is wrong, e.g. the surroundings are unsuitable due to lack of privacy †¢ the service provider and service user are mismatched. Sometimes communication breaks down because of factors such as age, education level, gender and ethnic background †¢ a person withholds information because they fear being judged, for example, they have taken illegal drugs †¢ a person fears that confidentiality will be broken, even though this should never happen, for example, about their sexual orientation †¢ the service user thinks that the advice given is too vague and has not asked for clarification †¢ the subject matter is embarrassing, such as talking about sex or intimate body parts †¢ a person fears they are going to hear bad news so avoids going to a service provider until it is too late to help. If health and social care workers do not develop good communication skills, the effectiveness of their work will be reduced and things can go wrong. This will not help service users to feel good about themselves and can lead to worse consequences. Remember, it is important to overcome problems such as those listed above, communicate effectively, including checking understanding, so that you get the best out of your interactions with colleagues and service users. Formal or Informal Group conversations are more formal, clear and straight forward, eye contact, listening to everyone, pronociation Informal is less formal, don’t have to speak loudly, back and forward talking, more personal Argyle’s theory of the communication cycle centre’s on six core concepts, or, a cycle. The cycle is as follows: 1. An idea occurs. For example, let us say that our idea is wanting to buy a  car. 2. Message coded. This would be us putting our desire of a car into whatever medium we wish to communicate with. This may be a language, pictures, writing, or any other medium you can think of. 3. Message sent. Here we have communicated our desire for wanting a car. 4. Message received. The person or perhaps target audience we wish to notify of our desire to have a car [perhaps a parental figure] has received our message. 5. Message decoded. They now must take what we have said and attempt to decode it. Now, â€Å"I want a car† is pretty straightforward, but remember, not everyone is as transparent as this, and this is the step where communication breakdown may occur as they may decode our message incorrectly. 6. Message understood. Hopefully the last step was effective and they understand what you were trying to communicate. Now the cycle can begin anew. Burnard and Morrison According to the Philip Burnard and Paul Morrison (1997), A lot of communication in care work involves building a relationship with the service user. This involves giving them emotional support which builds trust. They also argued that communication without caring for the person in some way would not be able to work. Service users that go through emotional issues i.e. A teenager being sexual abused by a youth worker, is often at first a difficult and sensitive issue to talk about has a social worker for example. Any difficult and sensitive issues should focus on the emotional needs of the service user rather than giving out advice and information that is not needed since it is not needed since the service user is already likely to be overwhelmed with grief. In health and social care setting, Professionals should always try be supportive within difficult situations since this will help would towards making effective communication start between the  professional and the service user. Tuckman The environment can affect how well a communication goes, if the environment is a distraction it can cause a conversation to not flow very well, however the environment could help create a cincerarion.

Authentic Leader Journey Report

Work Book 01 1. 1 My Personal Experience My Personal Experience Mid-term examination at APIIT My fellow colleagues were facing difficulties with studying particular chapters that I was good at. Therefore, despite of the time factor, I agreed to help them to get through. Taking care of my pets at home & around I am much more concerned about the wellbeing of my pets & animals around the neighborhood. Always feed them on time, groom & treat them in case of any medical emergency Precise & honest towards my duties/ responsibilitiesI do my level best to avoid any irrelevant contact with my office mates that will disturb my routine & always try to stay focused on finishing given duties on time with satisfactory results. Keeping my house clean & organized I am much concerned about keeping my house & around clean & organized by following the 5S methodology. Enthusiasm towards hand crafting, event management & arts I am very much interested in making my own hand crafts in gifting friends & fam ily, organizing small & creative surprise parties for friends & sketching art. Taking up the challenge of working full-time while studyingAt the point of final year studies, I took up a job to work on full time while managing my studies, time & tasks. During O/Ls, failed economic during the first shy but score an ‘A’ during the 2nd shy At the first instance, I was very disappointed. I studies better & hard for the second shy which I ended up with an ‘A’ grade where my parents & teachers were much impressed. 1. 2Character Map Characters Map Oshadi Korale of ADSL The strong love & motive she has towards helping stray animals has made her stand up through rock bottom situations and prove that if you have the will, you have the way. (Allies) Auditur et altera pars (the other side is heard as well)’ – Lucius Annaeus Seneca Judgments must not be made without hearing it from both sides. (Historical Figure) ‘Leaders who perceive favors have no c hance to build trust’ – Rober Whipple To be a good leader with followers trust, put yourself in others shoe. (Author) ‘Dhammo Bave Rakkhanthi Dhamma Chareehu’ – Lord Buddha Behave in dhamma & dhamma itself will protect you. (Religious Leader) ‘Trust is like glass, you can’t mend it once broken’ – My Mother Be trustworthy that makes you dependable & never break it because afterwards, it will always be in question. Threshold Guardian) ‘We only have what we give’ – Isabelle Allende Be empathetic & helpful. And it will come back to you (Novelist) ‘Winners don’t do different things; they do things in a different way’ – Shiv Kehera Think creative from the ordinary (Public Figure) ‘Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me’ -B. B King Always learn from mistakes (Celebrity) ‘There is a sufficiency in the world for man’s need but not for manâ€⠄¢s greed’ – Mohandas Gandhi Consume nature’s gifts sparingly (Preeminent leader) ‘The true wisdom is a resolute determination’ – Napoleon BonaparteWith strong determination, dreams could be made become true. (Historical figure) ‘Active evil is better than passive good’ – William lake In everything you do, be active (Poet) 1. 3Johari Window Open (you know/ I know)HelpfulEmpatheticSupports JusticeAnimal LovingReligiousCreativeOutgoingHonestHumorousEco- FriendlyLearning from mistakesDetermination| Blind (you know/ I don’t)Value for thingsBoredVery much givingEager to outstandListen to others| Hidden (you don’t/ I know)PossessiveIndependentStrong Mentality| Unknown (you don’t/ I don’t)Accepting, Bold, Logical, Nervous, Proud, organized, Brave, Dependable, Intelligent, Tense| Open area is being identified by self-questioning & with the help of my parents, friends and close allies. * Interviews were carried out with my parents, siblings, team members & other friends in discovering the blind side of me. * Deep self-examining was carried out in identifying the hidden side of me. The hidden side of me consisted of those expressions which I had in me but was not feeling comfortable to express publicly due to personal defensing reasons. * Unknown side of me was pretty difficult to identify as it was not known to me or others.Therefore, I had to make use of online psychometric test assistants & E- Johari Window exercises to understand these aspects. Discussion:Self Awareness In the journey of beginning to become an authentic leader, one must first carry out a self evaluation. Self evaluation consists of understanding yourself against past experiences you’ve gone through (childhood experiences, educational experiences, moments with allies, results of social interactions & etc). Considering these elements of self evaluation, it can be understood that all these sum up to the key word Self- Awareness.Simply breaking down the meaning of self awareness, it can also be known as knowing ‘Who I am’. A person without knowing itself can never be expected to understand others & lead others effectively. In becoming an effective leader, one must become the kind that its followers are willing to look up to. Having a better understanding about our self helps us to understand our interests, strengths, weaknesses, skills, capabilities, values, motivators, morals & etc which helps us to have a clear picture on our abilities which should be enhanced & drawbacks which needs to be overcome in achieving our targets.In building self awareness, there are several tools initiated by different leaders, researches & other initiators in helping individuals to discover themselves before becoming an effective leader. As you will notice under the appendix, my personal experience mind map, character map and Johari window concepts are exercised in helping me in raising self a wareness. Experiences that are elaborated in the experience mind map (appendix 1. 1) represent those moments in my life which has set targets, changed personal beliefs; realize my interests and simply knowing how I prefer to serve myself being true to my heart & instincts.Quoting the university incident, seeing my colleagues facing difficulties in studying for exams with the limited time factor, I understood that I could do some good deed by helping them to easily understand those chapters which I was god at and at the same time, recall my study memory. As I was done tutoring them, I had the feeling of satisfaction in me which brought me the determination of helping out people when in need because I felt that I made a good value out of my living.Overlooking the general past experience mind map, it can be summarized as helpfulness, being organized, caring, honesty, precise working patterns, prone to challenge & creativity are a few noticeable elements in me which explains my percepti on. As anybody else in the world, I have made use of behaviors, quotes & beliefs other people in extracting examples for me to believe and look up to. These external parties have had influences on my beliefs & values where it is important to draw a character map (appendix 1. ) in raising self awareness. By building the character map, I have understood that learning from mistakes, activeness, eco- friendliness, honesty, fairness, creativity, empathy & helpfulness attracted most of my attention as I believe in them & further practice such expressions. Also, the Johari window (appendix 1. 3) further helps me to understand myself in a much advance & more effective level where perceptions of third parties have been brought to the concern.Under the open area, it clearly identify that myself as well as others understand (realized by self questioning myself & interviewing others) that I’m a person with interest for other’s wellbeing, open personality, religious, socially activ e & who supports justice. Also, out of my concern (blind), others have understood me to be donating & determinant people (eager to outstand) and were identified by questioning my allies, guardians, fiends, team mates & relatives.Under the hidden area, it has showed certain expressions which I have been hiding from the society for my personal defense. Such hidden expressions explain that I’m possessive against what I care for, make my own fortune, listen to others & have a very strong mental strength which is protective against failures & disappointments (identified by deeply examining myself). Finally, the unknown area has made me realize a few expressions which neither I nor others have tend t understood in me. In identifying these expressions, I made use of an online psychometric test (on www. onroeconsulting. com) which discovered that I am adequately assertive, able in working in teams & possess adequate leadership qualities. Also, with use of other online resources, I ha ve come to understand that I also possess unknown expressions such as being reasonable (logical, accepting), strong in personality (brave, bold, proud) & possess average leadership qualities (dependable, intelligent). In summary, I disclose myself much therefore, my open expressions are more than unknown expressions which denotes a satisfactory level of self awareness.Therefore, it is learnt that I have an adequate degree of self-awareness, which enables me to understand my feelings. This understanding gives me the ability to control myself, thus enabling me to adequately rise from a failure and push on to achieve intended goal or purpose. Also it shows that I can adequately express myself to others, and are sufficiently able to act firmly when revealing what I feel, with regard to both my ideas and the ideas of others.I am generally able to understand the point of view of other people and can communicate in a quite effective manner with other people often with those with a differin g point of view. Also, generally have satisfactorily developed skills in terms of social interaction and have a willingness to be involved with others. In terms of group activity, I have the ability to facilitate cooperation amongst group members. Work Book 02 2. 1My Personal Values 2. 1. 1Identifying My Personal ValuesWhat is very important to me| What is Important for me| What is not important for me| HelpfulEmpathyCreativeFair & JusticeHonestDetermination| ActiveEco- FriendlyLearning from mistakesTrustworthyReligious| AssertiveBoldProudValue for things| 2. 1. 2Value Awareness Table Rank| Value| Why is this really important to me? | What does it mean to me? | Why have I ranked it here? | 1| Fair & Justice| To certify that authentic leaders do not favor or treat people unequally. To make sure whatever the environment that I’m dealing with, none is being mistreated or hurt upon my perception/ decisions/ actions which proves my dependability| When fairness & justice is confirm ed, it is makes sure that it has ruled out destructive decisions| 2| Empathetic| Important to know how others feel about my perception/ decisions| Proves the sense of humanity I possess| Putting myself in other shoes makes me understand them where I can make decisions which will satisfy all parties| 3| Helpful| This shows who I am| Proves the sense of humanity I possess| When working as a leader, I must always move the team along with my actions. Therefore being helpful, it will help the team to move towards goals as one| 4| Creative| It is important outsmart the ordinary| To find better, effective & efficient ways in achieving targets| Creativity is the next importance as helping people & the team can be done in creative manners which will save the waste of time, cost & skills| | Honest| It is important in building bonds in the society & win hearts| Means my ability to humbly admits my drawbacks & avoid lying for personal interests| Honesty must be practiced promoted to keep the sm ooth environment where no destructive decisions & actions are initiated| 6| Trustworthy| It is important to make yourself appear dependable to others| Trustworthiness that that I possess towards people & ways in which I can promote trustworthiness among people| It helps the leader to build alliances & bonds| 7| Determination| Determination is important to make sure myself as a leader will be surely achieve targets| Means that I will not be bored, distracted or disappointed on my journey towards my goals| It ensure the achievement of all targets| 8| Learn from mistakes| To enhance improvements in my self| It is the capability & willingness of myself in accepting the mistake and learn to overcome in enhancing my image of responsibility| It will ensure the overcoming of barriers & enhance development| 9| Active| To avoid fear of boredom & disappointments| Means that I will not be distracted by means of circumstance in achieving my targets which denotes my consistency| It will inspire t hose distracted followers to be engaged once again and know how to maintain determination| 10| Eco- Friendly| To ensure the protection of limited resources| Be moved away from being self centered and preserve limited resources for the sustainability of beings. | Helps to build the sense that the leader is not being self centered which will impress its followers| 2. 2Values under PressureDuring my service at Imperial tea Exports, I was assigned to manage new buyer inquires and building business relationships in attracting orders. Since it was my first working experience, I wasn’t much sure of how to plan & organize my work & schedule. I was constantly summoned by my manager to follow steps in noting priorities for the at the beginning of the day where I will not tend to miss or duplicate any work and properly my manage my work load. Even after several warned minor mistakes due to my disorganized patterns by compromising on my value of learn from mistakes, I didn’t pay m uch attention to it where it came to my concern that I had mistakenly ignored to correspond to enquiries of a set of highly potential buyers.Due to the fear of being blamed, I tend to hide it away where I completely compromised on my values of honesty & trustworthiness. Once this was brought to the concern of my manager by those buyers itself, I was sent through formal procedures in high level warning & my monthly bonus was revoked. As a wise and helpful solution for the above scenario, incase if I was to re- experience such situation, despite of the fact that I will be blamed in short term, I will not hide anything from my manager as he is the immediate personal who can come up with the best solution in settling the situation. I will be completely honest & clearly communicate my situation and build trust within which will be helpful for me in facing potential circumstances.Also, I could adopt a new value in to myself (being organized) in order to revoke such easily preventable circ umstances in the future which will not only develop my effective authenticity, it will also not make me compromise on my values potentially which will preserve my authenticity. 2. 3Ethical Boundaries 1) 5 Why’s In controlling myself over compromising on my values at the point of temptation, I have learnt to follow the 5 WHY’s theory where I question myself ‘why am I doing this’ for five times for every answer provided since the first why. It is stated that the researcher will come to understand if they are compromising their values on or before the 5th why. 2) True to Heart & Instincts At the point of temptation, I will question myself if I am doing this according to what my heart & instincts desire or am I being pressured to do so. 3) Religious ViewsUnder certain cases (tempted to lie to revoke being scolded or punished) of temptation, I tend to compare my tempted to do actions with my religious beliefs and control myself if it will breach my religious be liefs. 4) Preset Limits/ Strategies At the slightest notification of possible situations where I will compromise on my values, I pre set a list of actions which I am allowed to observe & not observe to preserve my values and authenticity. Eg: during team work where the team is on tight schedule and limited time, I will set a list of my values relevant to team work and review at times of difficulties to make sure I do not compromise on my values in gaining short term benefits. ) Allies Perception/ feedback 3rd party perception is most frequently used by me in understand if I am compromising on my open area values where I tend to question my family, friends, colleagues & etc. 2. 4Key Learning from Reflecting Values As it is understood that helpful, empathy, creative, fair & justice, honesty, eco- friendly, trust worthy, active, determination & learning from mistakes are my key values which describes my authenticity which will not change under any environment I have adapted these value s in myself as I gain a personal satisfaction through them which makes me feel that I can represent myself much better & original.It is understood by studying my values that I have a strong caring towards interpersonal expressions (interest for others) where I am willing to help others, understand their situations/ perceptions, bring out the best/ equal treating on everybody, keeping things clear between people by being honest & trustworthy. Also it is understandable that I am also keen towards leadership qualities such as creativity, determination & learning from mistakes in improving myself to be a better authentic leader. This can bring my values to a summary that I am more of a people’s person who is willing to create & maintain bonds among and guide them to its development.In further carrying out this authentic journey report, I can use these learning to understand what my extrinsic & intrinsic motivators are and understand my capabilities in understanding my sweet spots which will set up the base to build a PDP (Personal Development Plan) in achieving my development as an authentic leader. Discussion:Values To become an authentic leader, we must develop high awareness of our values. Values are those expressions which we authentically adapt and which describes one’s beliefs. A person without articulated values where behavior is guided by external factors are low aware of their values & those who has strong articulated values that guide decision & behaviors has high awareness of its values. Values do not change depending upon the environment one operates in & not agreed to compromise for short term benefits. In becoming aware of my personal values, several measures are being observed in this report.Firstly with use of my character map & johari window, I have identified 11 key areas (Helpful, Empathy, Creative, Fair & Justice, Honest, Determination, Active, Eco- Friendly, Learning from mistakes, Trustworthy & Religious) which I believe to desc ribe me the best & to be my values and categorize them as under most important, important & non important values (appendix 2. 1. 1). With use of a value awareness grid, I then prioritized my top 10 most important values (Helpful, Empathy, Creative, Fair & Justice, Honest, Determination, Active, Eco- Friendly, Learning from mistakes, Trustworthy) and understand why they are important to me, what do they mean to me & why I have ranked them there (appendix 2. 1. 2 ). It is pretty easy to live our values when we face no difficulties.But at times when life throw stones at us, as a person who is in the progress of building authenticity in myself, I tend to compromise on my values in achieving solutions. Therefore further understanding pressure drops on my values, I have discussed a true experience (appendix 2. 2) at my previous workstation where I happen to compromise on my values in seeking temporary solutions. According to Bill George (2007), ‘ethical boundaries set clear limits o n what you will do when you are tempted or are under pressure or when you start rationalizing a series of major decisions’. Therefore, in order to avoid my process of becoming an authentic leader by compromising on my values, I have set 5 ethical boundaries which will remind me of my limits and revoke value compromising (appendix 2. 3). why’s- will question my reasons for being tempted where it will ultimately realize me the fact that I am about to compromise my values for short term goals, True to heart & instincts- Follow my heart and inner instincts and question if my values will agree with my actions, Religious views- at the point of temptation, compare my potential actions with religious beliefs and determine its negative impact, Preset limits- will help me to concentrate on following a path which complies with my values & rule out which should not be done to protect my values & Allies feedback- is being frequently followed by myself where I get feedback from my a llies on if I’m breaching my open values as the notice.It can be brought to a conclusion that my values are more concentrated on inter personal level where most of my values are based on the best interest of how I deal with others and further explain my leadership qualities in possessing to become an authentic leader (appendix 2. 4). Work Book 3 3. 1My Motivation Incident| Motivated or Not| Justification| Midterm exams at APIIT| Motivated| I was motivated to help them as I understood their difficult situation. And by analyzing my capabilities & my religious beliefs on helping people, I was motivated to help. | Keeping the house clean| Motivated| The sense of being organized & keeping unwanted issue away with simplicity, I was motivated to keep my house clean & tidy. Caring for animals| Motivated| Understanding their incapability in talking & helplessness, I was motivated to provide them with all caring to make sure they are not mistreated or hurt. My religious beliefs also su pported my motivation. | Precise & honesty at work| Motivated| I was motivated to be precise & honest during work as I want to present my best performance & be honest as I want to be appreciated, values & rewarded in return. | Working while studying| Motivated| I was motivated to challenge myself to see if I am capable in facing difficult situations with complete confidence & strong mind. | Creativity, event management & arts| Motivated| I was motivated to be such creative & artistic as I had a passion towards doing beautiful thins nd expressing my unsaid feelings & talents through being creative. | O/Ls 2nd shy| Motivated| I was motivated by my results as I saw the clear reflection of true dedication. Also, my parents said that they were very impressed by my work where I was motivated to maintain & further develop my capabilities. | 3. 2Personal Extrinsic Motivators Category| Score 1-10| Ranking| This is important to me because†¦ (fill in top 5)| Praise & appreciation| 9| 1| I mportant because I look forward for critical feedbacks or constructive criticism on different aspects on my actions/ decisions from others point of view to extracts point of learning & development. Money| 8| 2| It gives me the sense of financial satisfaction I can fulfill my needs & wants better while saving for a better & sounding future| Position power| 8| 3| Position power is important to be because, I believe that having a sounding position power will grant me for special privileges which will create better platforms for me to be more creative. | Opportunities| 7| 4| As I’m continuously looking forward to develop myself/ career, I am always motivated by new opportunities which will take my development to a new level. | Recognition (or fame)| 7| 5| As I am looking forward for development, I need to created value & demand for myself.By being recognized, it makes third parties realize that I am being valued. | 3. 3Personal Intrinsic Motivators Category| Score 1-10| Ranking| This is important to me because†¦(fill in top 5)| Helping others| 9| 1| I feel more of an important person and that I make the right use of my capabilities & skills where I internally feel that I’m making the rightful use of humanity considering their gratitude. | Satisfaction from doing agood job| 9| 2| It provides me great extents of self satisfaction, peace in my mind & happiness by knowing that I’ve done good deed as I believe in karma (what goes around comes back around). | Being creative| 8| 3| It revokes the fear of oredom & sense of disappointment and makes me think beyond boundaries by making the best use of my capabilities & critical thinking. | Deriving pleasure fromperforming a task | 8| 4| It is important for me to understand my current capabilities and figure out ways in which I can further develop them. | Challenging & changingthings| 7| 5| Important because it makes me realize that I am capable of doing things more than I anticipated and motivates myself to further explore those capabilities, be self confident, understand my competencies & estimate self value. | 3. 4Balancing Extrinsic & Intrinsic Motivators | Off balance situation| Prevention or action| | Being centered on financial motivators where I will tend to compromise on my values & authenticity to gain personal benefits| Demand financial motivators to match my value, skills, status & knowledge and always cross check my actions/ decision with my value list| 2| Being too much dependent on feedback where it will destroy my critical thinking capabilities & diminish my self confidence| Make progress reports on remarked work I perform and cross check with third party feedback and understand expected improvements where in case of absence of feedback, I will still know how to cope up & continue| 3| Being carried away with creativity & create situations which cannot match ordinary capabilities & willingness of others which will be an ultimate waste of cost, time & skills| Ana lyze the need for creativity and alter the supply accordingly & plan out ethical boundaries | 4| Being over fond of communication and being detoured from original goals & requirements| Create a check list of what, how, when, why & who to communicate. And always steer the progress towards success with milestones. | 5| Becoming an extremist on achieving final goals where I will lose my complete knowledge over other social/ personal factors which will diminish my abilities of adaptability| Arrange my time accordingly & prioritize my working pattern. | 3. 5Interests Interest| The reason this is important to me is†¦|Helping animals| I like to enjoy the unsaid gratitude expressed by animals when they are being helped & taken care of| Be organized| Important because it saves my time & cost where I can create a trouble or confusion free environment at home, office & etc as I look forward to live with less stressing situations| Lending help to people| Important to me because it strength en my capabilities & skills where I also like being thanked for my efforts by words | Thinking out of the box| Important because I am interested in discovering new things in life, practice them, learn through them & teach them to others and feel the satisfaction of seeing people willing to follow my lead| Do the right thing the right way| Important because it helps me to reflect the good human I am & even if I commit a mistake, I will learn from it| Being religious| It reflects the spiritual human being I am, make others be aware of my boundaries & help to create ethical boundaries| Clarity| Important because I do not want to misinterpret myself to another or misinterpret another to myself and create conflicts & contaminate my authenticity| Preserving the environment| As I understand the value of scared resources, it is important for me to contribute in saving them for the sustainability of all beings| Treat people equal| It is important because I understand that none will like to b e mistreated just as I dislike it. Therefore understanding that, I can do my best to stick to my value of fair & justice & be more authentic & sounding| Arts| It enables myself to freely express my feelings & talents| 3. 6Strengths & Weaknesses 3. 6. 1StrengthsHard skills| Soft skills| Qualities| Personality Types| Talents/Abilities| * Presentation skills * Leadership * Team building * Marketing * Customer relationship building * Computer literacy * Multi lingual proficiency * Photoshop & other software literacy * Business communication * Teaching * Working experience * Educational background| * Motivation * Positive attitude * Communication * Self confidence * Empathy * Working under pressure| * Creativity * Sense of humor * Education * Adaptability * Loyalty * Honesty * Helpfulness * Caring * Bonding * Trustworthiness| * Artist * Protector * Idealist * Thinker * Achiever * Doer * Performer * Care giver * Spontaneous * giver| * Credibility * Designing * Counseling * Singing * Event management * Public speaking * Mehendi arts * Sketching| 3. 6. 2Weaknesses 1) Quick temper 2) Extreme expenses 3) Easily bored 4) Time management 5) High tendency towards enjoyment 3. 7Sweets Spots of My Motivated Capabilities Sweet Spot 01 Become an International Marketing Manager (as I have studies international marketing during my degree and willing to study for CIM as well as I am motivated by the position power) With high interaction with international buyers (where I have the capability of clearly communicating myself where I’m motivated by challenging and changing things) In an export oriented organization (as I have similar prior experience and motivated by organization’s recognition) Which is recognized worldwide (because I have the capability in managing multiple languages & motivated by the number of potential opportunities available) * Sweet Spot 2Becoming a lecturer (as I have the capability in clearly communication content to people & motivated by gettin g an opportunity to help others) With opportunities in teaching marketing (as I have prior knowledge and educational back ground in the subject, practical knowledge through working experience where I’m motivated by the fair pay and satisfaction from doing a good job) In a reputed educational institute in Sri Lanka (as I have the capability of outstanding with creativity in teaching & motivated by recognition) Which is affiliated with foreign universities (because I have the capability in building bonds & clearly communicate with foreign module leaders & motivated by opportunities I stand in developing my skills? ) * Sweet Spot 3Become a young entrepreneur (because I possess leadership skills & prior work experience & motivated by earning more money & position power) With opportunities in building my own business strategies (as I have studied business strategies during my degree, creativity and motivated by deriving a pleasure from performing a task) In my own salon & spa (whe re I have capabilities in marketing, being organized, prior knowledge about the field & motivated by challenging & changing the process) Which is recognized for launching new beauty management technologies (because I have the capabilities in thinking out of the box & be motivated by doing a good job and helping people) Discussion: Motivated Capabilities According to Kendra Cherry (2013), ‘Motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors’. Under the workbook three, it analyzes the motivational capabilities of me with use of several tools. As ill George discuss in True North (pg. 106), motivation consist of two forms; Extrinsic & Intrinsic. Extrinsic motivators are derived from the external world (money) and intrinsic motivators are derived from the meaning of one’s life. As the first attempt of understanding my motivation capabilities (appendix 3. ), I have considered my life stories analyzing what caused my motivat ion/ de-motivation under each story. Once causes are being identified, a cross comparison of myself awareness & values with cause helped me to understand my motivators. Secondly, in classifying what motivators are most crucial for me, I have done an analysis of personal extrinsic motivators (appendix 3. 2) & intrinsic motivators (appendix 3. 3) with use of a grid where I have ranked, scored & explained why these motivators are important to me. Under extrinsic motivators, it was learnt that I was more prone to react for motivator such praise & appreciation, money, position power, opportunities &recognition.Under intrinsic analysis, it was understood that I was motivated at instances of helping others, satisfaction from doing a good job, being creative, deriving pleasure from performing tasks & challenging & changing things. By reconsidering these motivators, it could be brought to a conclusion that my extrinsic motivators consist of those factors which help me to learn and develop my self further & intrinsic motivators are those which brings mental satisfaction. As much as motivators do good, being over attached to them could also bring disadvantages. In analyzing potential possibilities my motivators pulling me off balance, it was discovered that greed for money, over- dependency on feedback, too much creativity, too much communication & extremist on goal achieving could potentially pull me off my motivation balance.In overcoming such situations, it was recommended to do time management, activity prioritizing, following ethical boundaries, cross comparison of values & actions, create progress reports and enhance self awareness better in preventing such situations (appendix 3. 4). As motivation & interest play along, it was then discussed how my motivators provoke interest within me to do what I desire. In discovering my interests (appendix 3. 5), I questioned myself, what is important for me? , what am I really interested in? & What makes me passionate?. In the end, it was understood that gratitude, peacefulness, personal development, sense of exploring, accuracy, beliefs & freedom are those hidden instincts which generate interest with in towards my motivators. Once my motivators are identified, strengths (hard/ soft skills, qualities, personality types & talents) (appendix 3. ) & weaknesses (quick temper, expensiveness, boredom, time management & enjoyment addiction) (appendix 3. 7) identified where they were then connected to find my motivated capabilities which helped to determine sweet spots (the best of what I want to become by putting my motivations & capabilities together). In identifying sweet spots (appendix 3. 8), I questioned my desires with What to Become? With what originality? , At where? & Which performs what?. International Marketing Manager at an export company, Marketing Lecturer at a foreign university affiliated institute & a young entrepreneur of a salon & spa. ConclusionIn winding up this report, it can be stated th at this is report is based on a critical examination of my effectiveness as an authentic leader by applying models learn at lectures & through reference material to present the research that I have undertaken in my own personal research. In further explaining the report consists of three workbooks which explain self-awareness, values & motivated capabilities of me. Firstly, the report has explained measures in which my self- awareness is being determined. With use of a personal experience map, it shows what remarkable experiences that I have gone through and what makes those life stories special to my instincts. Also, as we all humans look up to third parties in extracting inspirations, I have built a character map which not only consider event in my life story, which also consider roles of those specific characters has played in my development.Also, as the last step of self awareness, a Johari Window is being created which examine my open, blind, hidden & unknown areas of my life w hich provides me with a better understanding of myself and my characteristics. At the end measuring myself awareness, it can be brought to a conclusion that I am adequately aware of myself where my open area is wider than unknown as I have thoroughly understood myself. Secondly, with use of self awareness, I have extracted a set of expressions believed to be my values and prioritized them where the most important and important values are being considered to be my values which are true to my heart & which defines me better. Once values are identified, a scenario (compromising on honesty) has been explained where my values were being compromised and what actions would I have taken beside the original response.Also, the report further discuss ethical boundaries which I follow in making sure to not compromise on my values potentially with use of different measures. It can be brought to a conclusion that my values are more concentrated on inter personal level where most of my values are based on the best interest of how I deal with others and further explain my leadership qualities in possessing to become an authentic leader Finally, with use of reasons why I was motivated during my life events mentioned under self- awareness, the report has classifies my motivators between extrinsic & intrinsic which denote motivators through external forces & through life story.In further explanation, my top 5 extrinsic & intrinsic motivators are being selected by ranking & reasoning where it then examine how to balance my motivators incase of circumstances caused due to strong need for motivators which will potentially pull me off balance. As interests are being provoked by motivators, the report then have discussed ways in which motivators provoked my interest under life story by answering what is really important to me, what am I interested in & what makes me passionate. And then my strengths (hard/ soft skills, qualities, personality types, talents) & weaknesses are being eva luated in understanding my capabilities where motivators & capabilities are cross connected in generating sweet spots which determine the best of what motivates me to be within my capabilities.Collection of sweet spots listed up to an international marketing manager, marketing lecturer & young entrepreneur. Recommendation Following recommendations are drawn in developing me to become an authentic leader. All recommendations compile with the SMART framework. Eg: Specific:Clarity of negotiation Measurable:Ask for feedback from friends, do trial negotiations Achievable:Improve understanding the purpose of negotiation Realistic:Being able to clearly identify features of negotiation Time:(4 months) Aug 2013-Dec 2013 Skill| Objective| Method| Time Scale| Monitoring & Review| Time Management| Meet deadlines on time | I could maintain a to- do list for the week with time constrains. (6 months)June ’13 – Nov ‘13| * Keep a track of tasks completed and its timing * Receive feedback from the task coordinators for meeting deadlines. | | | Identify the times at which you can work the best. | | | | | Maintain a speed when working. | | | | Maintain ‘Contingency Time’ practice| Include contingency timing when planning. | | | Negotiation| Negotiate to the point| Improve understanding the purpose of negotiation. | (4 months)Aug ‘13 – Dec ‘13| * Ask for feedback from friends * Do trial negotiations| | Clarity of negotiation| Present all background ideas and facts. | | | | Ability to convince| Outsource ideas, read articles. Practice with colleagues. | | | Communication| Improve clear talking| Practice breath pauses.Make use of audio/ video tracks & articles for practicing. | (4 months)Oct 13-Jan14| * Ask my friends for feedback on clear speaking * Ask colleagues for feedback on my understanding of their messages based on my reaction/ feedback. | | Improve listening skills| Listen patiently. Wait for my turn to express. | | | Lea dership| Improving listening skills| Listen patiently. Refer materials which help to improve listening skills. | (6 months)Dec 13-May 14| * Request feedback from fellow team members| | Pay attention to others point of views| Let the others express their point of view. Discuss each possibility of every idea suggested. | | Stress Management| Learn about managing stress| Research & discover effective techniques in managing stress. Follow therapies in maintaining peace in mind. | (6 months)Feb 14- July 14| * Try a trial stress situation * Colleague feedback| Motivation| Improve self confidence| Read journals and research tips in improving self confidence. Attend workshops. | (6 months)Apr 14 – Sep 14| * Keep a track of progress since day one and evaluate * Ask friends & family for progress feedback * Compare the current status with those mentioned in external sources referred| | Improve & manage motivation| Watch motivations videos, read articles.Find more innovative and interest ing motivational techniques. | | | Prioritizing| Prioritizing tasks| Cluster all tasks and categorize them according to the priority level. Learn to Say ‘NO’. | (4 months)Jun 14-Sep 14| * Practice saying no to irrelevant tasks/ activities * Practice procrastination on daily activities and monitor the effect * Ask seniors for their comments| | Study about procrastination and its usage| Refer books, articles, websites and understand how, why and when to use procrastination. | | | Team Building| Improve team building skills| Read articles. Involve in real time team activities. | (6 months)Aug 14-Jan 15| * Request Feedback from fellow team members|